{"version":"v1","accessed_on":"2026-07-21T10:45:11.322Z","page_url":"https://worldprisons.com/countries/canada","country":{"id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","slug":"canada","name":"Canada","iso_code":"CA","iso_code_3":"CAN","region":"Americas","subregion":"Northern America","prison_population":39819,"prison_rate_per_100k":98,"occupancy_rate":102.2,"pre_trial_percentage":49.6,"female_percentage":7,"foreign_percentage":7,"last_updated":"2024-03-31","source_url":"https://www.prisonstudies.org/country/canada","notes":"Federal (sentences ≥2 years) + 13 provincial/territorial systems. Indigenous over-representation is a documented systemic issue.","created_at":"2026-05-20T11:09:26.065715+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-20T11:09:26.065715+00:00","data_quality":"high","last_verified_at":"2026-05-20","population_year":2024,"reference_population_year":null,"population_total":40530000,"currency":null,"known_gaps":null,"wpb_url":"https://www.prisonstudies.org/country/canada","region_slug":"americas","subregion_slug":"northern-america","country_narrative":null,"key_oversight_bodies":[],"narrative_source_url":null,"narrative_last_extracted_at":null},"trends":[{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1978,"prison_population":13479,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1979,"prison_population":13363,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1980,"prison_population":13851,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1981,"prison_population":15126,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1982,"prison_population":17149,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1983,"prison_population":16542,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1984,"prison_population":16777,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1985,"prison_population":16178,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1986,"prison_population":15787,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1987,"prison_population":16077,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1988,"prison_population":16436,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1989,"prison_population":17735,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1990,"prison_population":17935,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1991,"prison_population":18940,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1992,"prison_population":19367,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1993,"prison_population":19482,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1994,"prison_population":19812,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1995,"prison_population":19730,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1996,"prison_population":19525,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1997,"prison_population":18956,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1998,"prison_population":19221,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":1999,"prison_population":18574,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2000,"prison_population":18724,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2001,"prison_population":35533,"prison_rate_per_100k":115,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"wpb","source_id":"0cb10416-8da9-40a9-9dbd-d8be266596b3"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2002,"prison_population":19579,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2003,"prison_population":35868,"prison_rate_per_100k":114,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"wpb","source_id":"0cb10416-8da9-40a9-9dbd-d8be266596b3"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2004,"prison_population":19792,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2005,"prison_population":34365,"prison_rate_per_100k":107,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"wpb","source_id":"0cb10416-8da9-40a9-9dbd-d8be266596b3"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2006,"prison_population":37452,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"unodc","source_id":"183b85c6-6787-4414-a325-ef0989e06ac4"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2007,"prison_population":37452,"prison_rate_per_100k":115,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"wpb","source_id":"0cb10416-8da9-40a9-9dbd-d8be266596b3"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2008,"prison_population":39050,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"unodc","source_id":"183b85c6-6787-4414-a325-ef0989e06ac4"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2009,"prison_population":39051,"prison_rate_per_100k":117,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"wpb","source_id":"0cb10416-8da9-40a9-9dbd-d8be266596b3"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2010,"prison_population":24435,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2011,"prison_population":39916,"prison_rate_per_100k":117,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"wpb","source_id":"0cb10416-8da9-40a9-9dbd-d8be266596b3"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2012,"prison_population":25185,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2013,"prison_population":41026,"prison_rate_per_100k":118,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"wpb","source_id":"0cb10416-8da9-40a9-9dbd-d8be266596b3"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2014,"prison_population":97410,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"unodc","source_id":"183b85c6-6787-4414-a325-ef0989e06ac4"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2015,"prison_population":40663,"prison_rate_per_100k":114,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"wpb","source_id":"0cb10416-8da9-40a9-9dbd-d8be266596b3"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2016,"prison_population":25448,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2017,"prison_population":40770,"prison_rate_per_100k":112,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"wpb","source_id":"0cb10416-8da9-40a9-9dbd-d8be266596b3"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2018,"prison_population":95551,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"unodc","source_id":"183b85c6-6787-4414-a325-ef0989e06ac4"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2019,"prison_population":38570,"prison_rate_per_100k":104,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"wpb","source_id":"0cb10416-8da9-40a9-9dbd-d8be266596b3"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2020,"prison_population":18950,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2021,"prison_population":20438,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2022,"prison_population":74991,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"unodc","source_id":"183b85c6-6787-4414-a325-ef0989e06ac4"},{"country_id":"08c67a52-3d0e-4994-95ee-d264854831cf","year":2023,"prison_population":25350,"prison_rate_per_100k":null,"occupancy_rate":null,"pre_trial_count":null,"pre_trial_percentage":null,"female_count":null,"female_percentage":null,"foreign_count":null,"foreign_percentage":null,"juvenile_count":null,"capacity_total":null,"source_slug":"statcan-ca","source_id":"063623eb-f408-46bb-bd61-54b4cec49c83"}],"facts":[],"sources":[{"id":"0cb10416-8da9-40a9-9dbd-d8be266596b3","url":"https://www.prisonstudies.org/","slug":"world-prison-brief","notes":"Country-level population, rate, occupancy, female/foreign/pre-trial percentages.","title":"World Prison Brief (ICPS, Birkbeck)","publisher":"Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research","created_at":"2026-05-20T11:09:25.666512+00:00","accessed_on":"2026-05-20","last_probed_at":null,"last_probe_note":null,"last_http_status":null}],"risk_aggregate":{"average":null,"counts":{"unknown":230},"total":230}}